探秘植物根系世界 Exploring the World of Plant Root Systems   식물 근계세계의 비밀을 캐내기 根是植物的营养器官，通常生长在地下。为了更好地固着和支撑植物，吸收土壤中的水分和矿物质，大多数陆生植物的根系在地下分布深而广，形成了庞大的根系，比地上的枝叶系统还发达，可谓“树大根深”。 一株植物要形成庞大的植物根系，每条根都要不断地生长。植物根的生长主要由根尖部分完成，根尖是根的活跃生长区域，根尖的结构从尖端向上依次为根冠、分生区、伸长区和成熟区四个部分。根的生长主要是分生区细胞分裂和伸长区细胞伸长的结果。 Roots are the nutrient organs of plants, typically growing underground. To better anchor and support the plant while absorbing water and minerals from the soil, most terrestrial plants develop extensive root systems that spread widely and deeply beneath the surface. This underground root system is often more developed than the plant's aboveground foliage, as reflected in the saying “A big tree has deep roots.” For a plant to develop such an expansive root system, each root must continuously grow. The growth of plant roots is primarily driven by the root tip, the active growth region of the root. The structure of the root tip, from apex to base, consists of four distinct zones: root cap, meristematic zone, elongation zone and maturation zone. Root growth is driven by cell division in the meristematic zone and their subsequent cell elongation in the elongation zone. 뿌리는 식물의 영양기관으로 보통 지하에서 자란다. 식물을 더욱 잘 고착시키고 지탱하며 토양의 수분과 광물질을 흡수하기 위하여 대다수 육생식물의 뿌리는 지하에 깊고 넓게 분포되여 방대한 뿌리를 형성하는데 지상의 가지와 잎계통보다 더 발달하여 ‘나무가 크고 뿌리가 깊다’고 할 수 있다. 한 그루의 식물은 방대한 식물 근계를 형성해야 하며, 모든 뿌리는 끊임없이 생장해야 한다. 식물뿌리의 생장은 주로 뿌리 끝부분으로 이루어지는데 뿌리끝은 뿌리의 활발한 생장구역으로서 뿌리끝의 구조는 뾰족한 끝에서 위로 근관, 분생구역, 신장구역과 성숙구역 등 4개 부분으로 나뉜다. 뿌리의 성장은 주로 분생구 세포의 분열과 신장구 세포의 신장의 결과이다.